What are the most common taxes in Portugal?

The primary types of taxes are personal income tax, which ranges from 13.25% to 48%, corporate tax with a standard rate of 21% and potentially reaching 31.5% when surcharges are included, and property tax, which varies from 0.3% to 0.45% for urban properties, 0.8% for rural properties, and 7.5% for properties owned by entities in tax havens. These taxes are imposed by the government to raise funds for public expenditure on infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other critical services.